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	<title>Comments on: Ad Astra Special Report: Space-Based Solar Power</title>
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	<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/</link>
	<description>a public discussion sponsored by the Space Frontier Foundation</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Fri, 06 Nov 2009 02:24:42 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>By: Tom Harris</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-3072</link>
		<dc:creator>Tom Harris</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Feb 2009 00:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-3072</guid>
		<description>Freeman Dyson also signed the open letter to the UN Secretary General opposing the UN&#039;s stance on &quot;stopping climate change&quot;.  Here is the letter, with which I and many others working on this issue agree:

http://tinyurl.com/3bjoxk 

Tom Harris
ED - ICSC</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Freeman Dyson also signed the open letter to the UN Secretary General opposing the UN&#8217;s stance on &#8220;stopping climate change&#8221;.  Here is the letter, with which I and many others working on this issue agree:</p>
<p><a href="http://tinyurl.com/3bjoxk" rel="nofollow">http://tinyurl.com/3bjoxk</a> </p>
<p>Tom Harris<br />
ED &#8211; ICSC</p>
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		<title>By: Edawg</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-2687</link>
		<dc:creator>Edawg</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 19 Jul 2008 17:44:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-2687</guid>
		<description>As technology advances so does the damage a lone nut can do.97% of people will pry have an invested interest in not harming their own power supply.But as the decades go on the odds of an attack on a SSP array shift from earth based attacks to attacks from space.And that&#039;s if space colonization happens.The first step for an international SSP project would pry be a Global Launch Alliance.It would be easier to get payloads to ?? angle of launch to orbit.But thats if we have the Aries V booster.Small TSTO will pry push the launch rates in to the millions if used for construction purposes.Having all the ducks in a row will be a good start otherwise people will be accidentally shot in the face VP style.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>As technology advances so does the damage a lone nut can do.97% of people will pry have an invested interest in not harming their own power supply.But as the decades go on the odds of an attack on a SSP array shift from earth based attacks to attacks from space.And that&#8217;s if space colonization happens.The first step for an international SSP project would pry be a Global Launch Alliance.It would be easier to get payloads to ?? angle of launch to orbit.But thats if we have the Aries V booster.Small TSTO will pry push the launch rates in to the millions if used for construction purposes.Having all the ducks in a row will be a good start otherwise people will be accidentally shot in the face VP style.</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-2685</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jul 2008 15:21:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-2685</guid>
		<description>Don&#039;t forget the anthropological and psychological aspects to a full-blown SSP program. The idea early on, visionary as it was, was to have those living in space to &quot;own&quot; the industry. That is how these folks would make their living, delivering power to the home planet and to space settlements and ships of exploration. SSP is the tremendous opportunity to build new societies, if you will, on the vertical plane. Defense applications go wherever humans go, but so does banking, farming, education, construction, entertainment, retail, garbage collection, etc. We don&#039;t need floundering piecemeal solutions, where wildly different blind spots hinder engineers, entrepreneurs, investors, manufacturers, planners, politicians, psychologists, etc. This program needs a singular vision and a directed funnel of money. It should be announced, Apollo-like, by a President. Participating enterprises and nations can then get their ducks in a row, adhering, more or less, to the Glaser-O&#039;Neill plan. Tell the candidates to &quot;drill up&quot;!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Don&#8217;t forget the anthropological and psychological aspects to a full-blown SSP program. The idea early on, visionary as it was, was to have those living in space to &#8220;own&#8221; the industry. That is how these folks would make their living, delivering power to the home planet and to space settlements and ships of exploration. SSP is the tremendous opportunity to build new societies, if you will, on the vertical plane. Defense applications go wherever humans go, but so does banking, farming, education, construction, entertainment, retail, garbage collection, etc. We don&#8217;t need floundering piecemeal solutions, where wildly different blind spots hinder engineers, entrepreneurs, investors, manufacturers, planners, politicians, psychologists, etc. This program needs a singular vision and a directed funnel of money. It should be announced, Apollo-like, by a President. Participating enterprises and nations can then get their ducks in a row, adhering, more or less, to the Glaser-O&#8217;Neill plan. Tell the candidates to &#8220;drill up&#8221;!</p>
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		<title>By: Coyote</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-2682</link>
		<dc:creator>Coyote</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Jul 2008 01:44:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-2682</guid>
		<description>HS Debater.  Thanks for taking the time to think seriously about this.  You&#039;ll be interested to know that our space-based solar power (SBSP) study group advocates the development of all forms of safe, clean, renewable energy.  We want a mix of such energy sources and want to avoid putting all of our eggs in one basket.  Space solar power will be one of several concurrent energy sources.  

We also advocate for the business sector to develop and operate SBSP systems, not government(s).  We much prefer the satellites to be &#039;owned&#039; by international stock holders and investors.  Plus we&#039;d like to see each satellite broadcast power into several nations.  This way an attack on an SBSP satellite will be an attack on all owners and customers and their nations.  This will serve as a deterrent against attacks, backed up by military force to suppress the threat to SBSP satellites.

Another thing for you to think about:  With SBSP satellites on orbit nations such as Iran and North Korea will not need nuclear power plants for their energy.  Certainly safe, clean electrical power can be broadcast to them at a market price below all the R&amp;D that goes into building their first-ever nuclear reactors.

Here&#039;s a comment which is always controversial; space is already weaponized.  There already exists in space and on the Earth the types of systems that we use every day for routine civil, commerical, and military space operations that can also be used as weapons to negate satellites.  Everything for ramming one satellite into another or merely jamming satellite signals is already in place...it merely depends on how you use the systems we currently have.  We&#039;ve already witnessed a number of episodes of hostile satellite jamming and bandwidth piracy around the globe.  Fortunately, most space faring states are highly motivated to use space peacefully.  But if war between space faring nations breaks out here on Earth I believe it is highly likely that those nations will negate each other&#039;s satellites--the alternative to negating uninhabited satellites may be the killing of more people on Earth. This places advocates of &quot;space sanctuary&quot; in a strange moral dilemma.  Unfortunately, achieving orbit does not place activities in space beyond the realm of human affairs.  It is really a matter of politics as usual, no matter where your assets lie; air, land, sea, or space.  Preventing battles in space depends on preventing wars on Earth.     

So, with this in mind, the way to protect space-based solar power satellites is to ensure that the outcome from attacking one of them is an unacceptable expansion of the war (militarily and/or legally) against the attacker.  In other words, the consequence outweighs the benefit.  Plus, if SBSP is part of a proper mix of safe, clean energy sources in use, the target value of such satellites drops.

What do you think?  I&#039;m anxious to hear your thoughts.

Coyote</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>HS Debater.  Thanks for taking the time to think seriously about this.  You&#8217;ll be interested to know that our space-based solar power (SBSP) study group advocates the development of all forms of safe, clean, renewable energy.  We want a mix of such energy sources and want to avoid putting all of our eggs in one basket.  Space solar power will be one of several concurrent energy sources.  </p>
<p>We also advocate for the business sector to develop and operate SBSP systems, not government(s).  We much prefer the satellites to be &#8216;owned&#8217; by international stock holders and investors.  Plus we&#8217;d like to see each satellite broadcast power into several nations.  This way an attack on an SBSP satellite will be an attack on all owners and customers and their nations.  This will serve as a deterrent against attacks, backed up by military force to suppress the threat to SBSP satellites.</p>
<p>Another thing for you to think about:  With SBSP satellites on orbit nations such as Iran and North Korea will not need nuclear power plants for their energy.  Certainly safe, clean electrical power can be broadcast to them at a market price below all the R&amp;D that goes into building their first-ever nuclear reactors.</p>
<p>Here&#8217;s a comment which is always controversial; space is already weaponized.  There already exists in space and on the Earth the types of systems that we use every day for routine civil, commerical, and military space operations that can also be used as weapons to negate satellites.  Everything for ramming one satellite into another or merely jamming satellite signals is already in place&#8230;it merely depends on how you use the systems we currently have.  We&#8217;ve already witnessed a number of episodes of hostile satellite jamming and bandwidth piracy around the globe.  Fortunately, most space faring states are highly motivated to use space peacefully.  But if war between space faring nations breaks out here on Earth I believe it is highly likely that those nations will negate each other&#8217;s satellites&#8211;the alternative to negating uninhabited satellites may be the killing of more people on Earth. This places advocates of &#8220;space sanctuary&#8221; in a strange moral dilemma.  Unfortunately, achieving orbit does not place activities in space beyond the realm of human affairs.  It is really a matter of politics as usual, no matter where your assets lie; air, land, sea, or space.  Preventing battles in space depends on preventing wars on Earth.     </p>
<p>So, with this in mind, the way to protect space-based solar power satellites is to ensure that the outcome from attacking one of them is an unacceptable expansion of the war (militarily and/or legally) against the attacker.  In other words, the consequence outweighs the benefit.  Plus, if SBSP is part of a proper mix of safe, clean energy sources in use, the target value of such satellites drops.</p>
<p>What do you think?  I&#8217;m anxious to hear your thoughts.</p>
<p>Coyote</p>
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		<title>By: HS Debater</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-2680</link>
		<dc:creator>HS Debater</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 Jul 2008 04:45:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-2680</guid>
		<description>Hi, in reference to what Rob Mahan said:

My concern with Pop&#039;s argument is where he says that we would have to protect these space resources. Arguably, we already take military action to protect our energy supplies in the middle east. It seems clear that the military would want to protect the system that would supply almost all of our energy in the future - SPS. This would require space weaponization, which could be extremely bad.

Responses? It seems like a relatively compelling argument.

I&#039;ve found a few sources who claim that SPS would be hard to attack, particularly in GEO,but it would still be possible for a developed space agency like China.
Also, I found one source who stated that low launch costs would avoid militarization altogether because then it would be cheap enough for us to just repair it or send up another satellite. I can&#039;t really imagine seeing launch costs go quite that low, though, and the US doesn&#039;t seem likely to pass up an opportunity for space weaponization</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi, in reference to what Rob Mahan said:</p>
<p>My concern with Pop&#8217;s argument is where he says that we would have to protect these space resources. Arguably, we already take military action to protect our energy supplies in the middle east. It seems clear that the military would want to protect the system that would supply almost all of our energy in the future &#8211; SPS. This would require space weaponization, which could be extremely bad.</p>
<p>Responses? It seems like a relatively compelling argument.</p>
<p>I&#8217;ve found a few sources who claim that SPS would be hard to attack, particularly in GEO,but it would still be possible for a developed space agency like China.<br />
Also, I found one source who stated that low launch costs would avoid militarization altogether because then it would be cheap enough for us to just repair it or send up another satellite. I can&#8217;t really imagine seeing launch costs go quite that low, though, and the US doesn&#8217;t seem likely to pass up an opportunity for space weaponization</p>
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		<title>By: Robert</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-2679</link>
		<dc:creator>Robert</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Jul 2008 18:07:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-2679</guid>
		<description>I&#039;ve just read Marc Kaufman&#039;s 7/9/08 article: &quot;U.S. Finds It&#039;s Getting Crowded Out There&quot; in the Washington Post. It describes the United States&#039; rapidly decreasing lead in space. The space vision announced in 2004 now seems to be floundering. If the public needs imagery it can understand, why not go with Kubrick and Clarke&#039;s visuals in the film &quot;2001: A Space Odyssey&quot;? The star child at the end can represent the promise of human settlement of cis-lunar space, as we pursue the energy, security, economic wealth, and future scientific/exploratory/manufacturing potential produced by the lunar-built solar power satellite. If our engineers in reality can work a design close to the flat black planar array similar to the monolith in the film, well then, there you go!</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ve just read Marc Kaufman&#8217;s 7/9/08 article: &#8220;U.S. Finds It&#8217;s Getting Crowded Out There&#8221; in the Washington Post. It describes the United States&#8217; rapidly decreasing lead in space. The space vision announced in 2004 now seems to be floundering. If the public needs imagery it can understand, why not go with Kubrick and Clarke&#8217;s visuals in the film &#8220;2001: A Space Odyssey&#8221;? The star child at the end can represent the promise of human settlement of cis-lunar space, as we pursue the energy, security, economic wealth, and future scientific/exploratory/manufacturing potential produced by the lunar-built solar power satellite. If our engineers in reality can work a design close to the flat black planar array similar to the monolith in the film, well then, there you go!</p>
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		<title>By: Rob Mahan</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-2678</link>
		<dc:creator>Rob Mahan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 09 Jul 2008 01:15:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-2678</guid>
		<description>You may not all be aware that in January, 2008, the National Federation of High School Associations (NFHSA) announced &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nfhs.org/web/2008/01/200809_debate_topic_announcemen.aspx&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Alternative Energy&lt;/a&gt; as the 2008-2009 national high school debate topic. It is “Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase alternative energy incentives in the United States.”

This information was posted on Citizens for Space Based Solar Power in January and debate research seems to be generating quite a bit of traffic, as far as I can tell. A few days ago, Hsdebater posted a comment, citing a paper by Virgiliu Pop titled &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.geocities.com/virgiliu_pop/publications/security.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Security Implications of Non-Terrestrial Resource Exploitation&lt;/a&gt; which raises excellent points about the concern for potential weaponization of space power satellites and conversely, about their relative vulnerability to attack.

I posted a reply, suggesting the &lt;i&gt;Space Based Solar Power As an Opportunity for Strategic Security - Phase 0 Architecture Feasibility Study&lt;/i&gt; and this &lt;i&gt;Space Solar Power&lt;/i&gt; website as excellent resources to use in seeking answers to this major challenge area to the development of space-based solar power.

It is very encouraging to learn that many of our high school age citizens are taking an active interest in a clean energy future for the planet, and that they are including space-based solar power in their discussions and debates. This is certainly a positive step in making space-based solar power part of the national conversation.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>You may not all be aware that in January, 2008, the National Federation of High School Associations (NFHSA) announced <a href="http://www.nfhs.org/web/2008/01/200809_debate_topic_announcemen.aspx" rel="nofollow">Alternative Energy</a> as the 2008-2009 national high school debate topic. It is “Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase alternative energy incentives in the United States.”</p>
<p>This information was posted on Citizens for Space Based Solar Power in January and debate research seems to be generating quite a bit of traffic, as far as I can tell. A few days ago, Hsdebater posted a comment, citing a paper by Virgiliu Pop titled <a href="http://www.geocities.com/virgiliu_pop/publications/security.pdf" rel="nofollow">Security Implications of Non-Terrestrial Resource Exploitation</a> which raises excellent points about the concern for potential weaponization of space power satellites and conversely, about their relative vulnerability to attack.</p>
<p>I posted a reply, suggesting the <i>Space Based Solar Power As an Opportunity for Strategic Security &#8211; Phase 0 Architecture Feasibility Study</i> and this <i>Space Solar Power</i> website as excellent resources to use in seeking answers to this major challenge area to the development of space-based solar power.</p>
<p>It is very encouraging to learn that many of our high school age citizens are taking an active interest in a clean energy future for the planet, and that they are including space-based solar power in their discussions and debates. This is certainly a positive step in making space-based solar power part of the national conversation.</p>
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		<title>By: Neil Cox</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-2674</link>
		<dc:creator>Neil Cox</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jun 2008 04:54:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-2674</guid>
		<description>I&#039;ve been  following the human caused global warming debate for two decades. My guess is a bit of truth, but seriously exaggerated. Let&#039;s stress other reasons for SSP, as there is at least a slight possibility that global warming will fade in importance, perhaps before the end of this year. In my opinion avoiding Arab oil is the big reason for SSP.  Neil</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I&#8217;ve been  following the human caused global warming debate for two decades. My guess is a bit of truth, but seriously exaggerated. Let&#8217;s stress other reasons for SSP, as there is at least a slight possibility that global warming will fade in importance, perhaps before the end of this year. In my opinion avoiding Arab oil is the big reason for SSP.  Neil</p>
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		<title>By: Des Emery</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-2662</link>
		<dc:creator>Des Emery</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Jun 2008 04:50:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-2662</guid>
		<description>The &quot;physics&quot; of climate change or global warming is strictly mechanical; if heat is added to a system in equilibrium, the system will change.  The planet is bathed in a fairly constant flow of heat from the sun, but if the chemical (not physical) atmospheric envelope surrounding Earth is changed in composition, then the amount of heat received by the lithosphere and aquasphere below the atmosphere will also change in automatic response.  

Many chemicals either reflect or adsorb heat.  Carbon dioxide in very small quantities reacts to external heat in a very large way.  While it is true enough that CO2 is an essential part of the life cycle of both flora and fauna, an excess of the gas does not result in an increase of flora since flora also requires oxygen, the same oxygen which is tied up in the excess CO2 whose production rate co-incides with the Industrial Revolution, in which our present society so wholeheartedly participates.  

The petition against Kyoto is strictly political, not scientific, in nature, and wrong-headed.
There is little enough time left to get Space Solar Power initiated before climate change and global warming with the attendant human upheaval make it moot.  Anything that limits the production of CO2 (burning fossil fuels or biofuels) in the meanwhile is a good thing. Let us hope that Solar Power (essentially electricity) rescues us, and soon.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The &#8220;physics&#8221; of climate change or global warming is strictly mechanical; if heat is added to a system in equilibrium, the system will change.  The planet is bathed in a fairly constant flow of heat from the sun, but if the chemical (not physical) atmospheric envelope surrounding Earth is changed in composition, then the amount of heat received by the lithosphere and aquasphere below the atmosphere will also change in automatic response.  </p>
<p>Many chemicals either reflect or adsorb heat.  Carbon dioxide in very small quantities reacts to external heat in a very large way.  While it is true enough that CO2 is an essential part of the life cycle of both flora and fauna, an excess of the gas does not result in an increase of flora since flora also requires oxygen, the same oxygen which is tied up in the excess CO2 whose production rate co-incides with the Industrial Revolution, in which our present society so wholeheartedly participates.  </p>
<p>The petition against Kyoto is strictly political, not scientific, in nature, and wrong-headed.<br />
There is little enough time left to get Space Solar Power initiated before climate change and global warming with the attendant human upheaval make it moot.  Anything that limits the production of CO2 (burning fossil fuels or biofuels) in the meanwhile is a good thing. Let us hope that Solar Power (essentially electricity) rescues us, and soon.</p>
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		<title>By: Rob Mahan</title>
		<link>http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/2008/04/09/ad-astra-special-report-space-based-solar-power/#comment-2661</link>
		<dc:creator>Rob Mahan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2008 02:14:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://spacesolarpower.wordpress.com/?p=77#comment-2661</guid>
		<description>I wish I could preview or edit my own comments here ... hopefully this link to &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.c-sbsp.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;Citizens for Space Based Solar Power&lt;/a&gt; will work better than the one I put in my previous post.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I wish I could preview or edit my own comments here &#8230; hopefully this link to <a href="http://www.c-sbsp.org" rel="nofollow">Citizens for Space Based Solar Power</a> will work better than the one I put in my previous post.</p>
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